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STP prevents loops in layer 2 networks that have redundant paths. Loops in layer 2 networks can result in duplicate frames and switches learning the same MAC addresses on multiple interfaces.
To prevent loops, STP calculates a single path through the network and then blocks any redundant paths. STP first identifies a root switch and then identifies the most efficient path from the root switch to each switch in the network. Any redundant paths that exist enter a blocked state.
If a network segment in the spanning tree becomes unreachable or if you change the cost of a path, Spanning Tree recalculates a path through the network and then activates the new best path.
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