Glossary

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - R - S - T - U - V - W

24-hour time

A concise method of expressing time using a 24-hour time scale that makes the use of a.m. or p.m. unnecessary.

5ESS switch

A central office switch, manufactured by Lucent Technologies, that can be integrated with the Message Networking system.

A

A-law

A standard method of encoding audio messages in a compressed format. The Message Networking system can directly process audio files of this type when they are received as WAV files as part of an SMTP/MIME message. In the Windows Sound Recorder, this file type has an audio format of "CCITT A-Law 8.000 kHz, 8 Bit, Mono."

ACA

See Automatic Circuit Assurance.

Access Security Gateway

An optional authentication interface for securing a login ID on the Message Networking system. When a user logs on to the system to administer or maintain it, the ASG interface issues a numerical challenge. The user must supply the correct numerical response using the ASG key. The user enters their PIN and the challenge number into the ASG key. The ASG key generates and displays a unique numerical response that corresponds to the challenge number. The user enters the response number at the response prompt and, if the response is correct, the user is logged in to the system.

accessed message

A message that was received and scanned (either the entire message or just the header).

ACR

See analog call router

active alarm

An alarm condition that is currently in effect. See alarms

activity menu

The list of options spoken to users when they first access a messaging system. Selecting an activity is the starting point for all user operations.

adaptive digital pulse code modulation (ADPCM)

A form of pulse code modulation (PCM) that produces a signal with a lower bit rate than standard PCM. ADPCM produces a lower bit rate by recording only the difference between and adjusting the coding scale dynamically to accommodate large and small differences.

adjunct

A separate system closely integrated with a switch, such as a Message Networking system or a call management system (CMS).

administration

The process of setting up a system (such as a switch or a messaging system) to function as desired. Options and defaults are normally set up (translated) by the system administrator or service personnel.

ADPCM

See adaptive digital pulse code modulation.

agent

A program that performs some information gathering or processing task in the background.

Alarm Log

A list of alarms that represent all of the active or resolved problems on a Message Networking system. The Alarm Log is stored in a software file on disk and can be accessed either locally or remotely on a terminal connected to the system.

alarm monitor

A software routine that checks system status and performance at regularly defined time intervals.

alarm resolution

See resolution event.

alarms

Hardware, software, or environmental problems that can affect system operation. Alarms are classified as major, minor, or warning.

alphanumeric

Consisting of alphabetic and numeric symbols or punctuation marks.

ALT

See assemble, load, and test.

AMIS

See Audio Messaging Interchange Specification.

AMIS prefix

A number added to the destination number to indicate that it is an AMIS Analog Networking number.

ampere (amp)

The unit of measurement of electric current. One volt of potential across one ohm causes a current flow of one amp.

analog call router (ACR)

A router used to transfer a message from the Message Networking system to a remote analog machine.

analog networking

A method of transferring a message from one messaging system to another whereby the message is played back (voiced) during the transfer.

analog signal

In teleprocessing usage, a communications path that usually refers to a voice-grade telephone line.

announcement

A placeholder within the Message Networking system for playing fragments. Each event that can occur within Message Networking has one or more announcement numbers permanently assigned to it. Fragment numbers are then assigned to announcements.

announcement fragment

A numbered piece of spoken information that makes up a system message or prompt.

antistatic

A treatment for material to prevent the buildup of static electricity.

application

A computer software program.

application identifier

A two-letter code used in the Administrator's Log to identify the application or subsystem for which an alarm is being generated.

application programming interface (API)

A set of formalized software calls and routines that an application can reference to access underlying network services.

Aria Digital

A complete messaging system accessed and operated by touchtone telephones and integrated with a switch.

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Pronounced ask-ee, ASCII is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127.

ASG

See Access Security Gateway.

ASG key

A handheld device that is a component of the Access Security Gateway.

assemble, load, and test (ALT)

The Avaya factory process that preloads software, installs hardware, and tests the system prior to shipping.

asynchronous communication

A method of data transmission in which bits or characters are sent at irregular intervals and spaced by start and stop bits rather than by time. See also synchronous communication.

Audio Messaging Interchange Specification (AMIS)

An analog networking protocol that allows users to exchange messages with any messaging system that also has AMIS Analog Networking capabilities. Messages can be exchanged with users on Message Networking systems as well as with users on remote messaging systems made by vendors other than Avaya.

Audio Information Exchange (AUDIX)

A complete messaging system accessed and operated by touchtone telephones and integrated with a switch.

audit

A software program that resolves file system incompatibilities and updates restored file systems to a workable level of service. Audits are done automatically on a periodic basis, or can be performed on demand.

AUDIX

See Audio Information Exchange

Automatic Circuit Assurance (ACA)

A monitoring technique that detects a number of calls with short holding times or a single call with a long holding time, which may indicate hacker activity. This feature can be used to set time limit thresholds and send notification when a violation occurs.

B

background testing

Testing that runs continuously when the system is not busy doing other tasks.

backplane

A centrally located device within a computer to which individual circuit cards are plugged for communication across an internal bus.

backup

A duplicate copy of files and directories saved on a removable medium such as a CD-ROM. The backup file system can be copied back (restored) if the active version is damaged (corrupted) or lost.

basic input/output system (BIOS)

A system that contains the buffers for sending information from a program to the actual hardware device for which the information is intended.

baud

A unit of measurement that describes the speed of transferred information.

Baud rate

Transmission signaling speed.

bit

Short for binary digit, the smallest unit of information on a machine.

Bridging

A Message Networking feature that allows specified remote machines to pass messages to the other remote machines in the Message Networking network. When bridging is used, a limited number of remote machines, as indicated on the Customer Options page, can be designated as bridges. In this configuration, a bridged remote machine must be on the sending or receiving end of a message in order for the transmission to be successful. The other type of configuration supported for Message Networking is a hub and spoke configuration, where Message Networking acts as a hub to all of the remote machines administered on the Message Networking system.

boot

Short for bootstrap. The operation to start a computer system by loading programs from disk to main memory (part of system initialization). Booting is typically accomplished by physically turning on or restarting the system. Also called reboot.

buffer

A temporary storage area used to equalize or balance different operating speeds. A buffer can be used between a slow input device, such as a terminal keyboard, and the main computer, which operates at a very high speed.

bus

An electrical connection/cable allowing two or more wires, lines, or peripherals to be connected together.

busyout/release

To remove a device from service (make it appear busy or in use) or later restore it to service (release it). The voice ports or networking ports can be busied out if they appear faulty or when maintenance tests are run.

byte

A unit of storage in the computer. On many systems, a byte is 8 bits (binary digits), the equivalent of one character of text.

C

CA

Call accounting system application identifier. See application identifier.

call accounting system (CAS)

A software device that monitors and records information about a calling system.

callback number

In AMIS Analog Networking, the telephone number transmitted to the recipient machine to be used in returning messages that cannot be delivered.

call classification analysis (CCA)

A process that enables application designers to use information available within the system to classify the disposition of originated and transferred calls.

Call Detail Recording (CDR)

A feature that uses software and hardware to record call data.

called tone (CED tone)

The distinctive tone generated by a fax end point when it answers a call (a constant 2100-Hz tone).

called subscriber information (CSI)

The identifier for the answering fax end point. This identifier is sent in the T.30 protocol and is generally the telephone number of the fax end point.

calling tone (CNG tone)

The distinctive tone generated by a fax end point when placing a call (a constant 1100-Hz tone that is on for 1/2 second, off for 3 seconds).

CAS

See call accounting system

CCA

See call classification analysis.

CDR

See Call Detail Recording.

case-sensitive

A descriptive term that tells whether a computer interface or input field recognizes a difference between uppercase and lowercase letters. If it does, the field is case sensitive.

CED tone

See called tone.

CELP

See code excited linear prediction.

central office (CO)

An office or location in which large telecommunication equipment such as telephone switches and network access facilities is maintained. In a CO, private customer lines are terminated and connected to the public network through common carriers.

central processing unit (CPU)

The component of the computer that manipulates data and processes instructions coming from software.

channel

A telecommunications transmission path for voice and/or data.

channel capacity

A measure of the maximum bit rate through a channel.

class of restriction (COR)

A feature that allows up to 64 classes of call-origination and call-termination restrictions for telephones, telephone groups, data modules, and trunk groups.

client

A computer that sends, receives and uses data, and that also shares a larger resource whose function is to do most data storage and processing. For INTUITY Message Manager, the user's PC running Message Manager is the client. See also server.

CNG tone

See calling tone

CO

See central office

code excited linear prediction (CELP)

An analog-to-digital voice coding scheme.

cold start

A restart of a computer from a no-power state. Cold starts are typically required after a crash or lockup of the system.

collocated

A system installed in the same physical location as the host switch. See also local installation.

comcode

A numbering system for telecommunications equipment used by Avaya. Each comcode is a nine-digit number that represents a specific piece of hardware, software, or documentation.

command

An instruction or request given by the user to the software to perform a particular function. An entire command consists of the command name and options. Also, one-key or two-key touchtone combination that controls a mailbox activity or function.

community

A group of telephone users administered with special send and receive messaging capabilities. A community is typically comprised of people who need full access to each other by telephone on a frequent basis. See also default community.

configuration

The particular combination of hardware and software components selected for a system, including external connections, internal options, and peripheral equipment.

COR

See class of restriction

CPU

See central processing unit.

cross connect

Distribution-system equipment used to terminate and administer communication circuits.

cross connection

The connection of one wire to another, usually done by anchoring each wire to a connecting block and then by placing a third wire between them so that an electrical connection is made.

CSI

See called subscriber information.

CVSD

Continuously Variable Slope Data Modulation (Serenade Digital).

D

daemon

An agent program used to handle low-level operating system tasks in the background.

database

A structured set of files, records, or tables. Also, a collection of file systems and files in disk memory that store the voice and nonvoice (program data) necessary for Message Networking system operation.

data communications equipment (DCE)

Standard type of data interface normally used to connect to data terminal equipment (DTE) devices. DCE devices include the data service unit (DSU), the isolating data interface (IDI), and the modular processor data module (MPDM).

data link

A term used to describe the communications link used for data transmission from a source to a destination, for example, a telephone line for data transmission.

data set

Another term for a modem, although a data set usually includes the telephone. See also modem.

data terminal equipment (DTE)

Standard type of data interface normally used for the end points in a connection. Normally, the Message Networking system, most terminals, and the switch data link are DTE devices.

data terminal ready (DTR)

A control signal sent from the data terminal equipment (DTE) to the data communications equipment (DCE) that indicates the DTE is on and ready to communicate.

DCE

See data communications equipment.

DCS

See distributed communications system.

debug

See troubleshooting.

dedicated line

A communications path that does not go through a switch. A dedicated (hard-wired) path can be formed with directly connected cables. MPDMs, DSUs, or other devices can also be used to extend the distance that signals can travel directly through the building wiring.

default

A value that is automatically supplied by the system if no other value is specified.

default community

A group of telephone users administered with restrictions to prevent them from sending messages to or receiving messages from other communities.

delivered message

A message that has been successfully transmitted to a recipient's incoming mailbox.

delivery priority

A feature within Enterprise Lists that lets administrators determine the order in which list members receive their messages by assigning them a delivery priority of high or normal. Members that have been assigned high delivery priority receive their messages first. Normal is the default priority setting.

demand testing

Testing performed on request (usually by service personnel).

diagnostic testing

A program run for testing and determining faults in the system.

dial string

A series of numbers used to initiate a call to a remote AMIS machine. A dial string tells the switch what type of call is coming (local or long distance) and gives the switch time to obtain an outgoing port, if applicable.

DID

See direct inward dial.

digital

Discrete data or signals such as 0 and 1, as opposed to analog continuous signals.

digital networking

A method of transferring messages between messaging systems in a digital format.

digital signal processor (DSP)

A specialized digital microprocessor that performs calculations on digitized signals that were originally analog and then sends the results on.

DIP switch

See dual in-line package switch.

direct inward dialing (DID)

The ability for an outside caller to call an internal extension without having to pass through an operator or attendant.

direct memory access (DMA)

A quick method of moving data from a storage device directly to RAM, which speeds processing.

display terminal

A data terminal with a screen and keyboard used for displaying Message Networking screens and performing maintenance or administration activities.

distributed communications system (DCS)

A network of two or more switches that uses logical and physical data links to provide full or partial feature transparency. Voice links are made using tie trunks.

DMA

See direct memory access.

DNS

Domain Name Service. This service generally provides the ability to resolve ASCII domain strings (for example, company.com) into the numeric IP address of a host machine (for example, 100.100.100.100). Additional mapping may also be supported by DNS.

domain

In an email address, the domain is the part of the address that follows the @ sign, as in userid@domain. For non-SMTP subscribers, this value is the same as the machine name of the Message Networking system. This value, combined with the subscriber's user ID, creates an email address for voice messaging subscribers. For example, if an INTUITY subscriber has a user ID of voicemessageuser1 on an Message Networking system called my.company.com, the email address would be [email protected]. Also see user ID.

domain name

The address of a domain, consisting of a hierarchical sequence of names (labels) separated by periods (dots), such as company.com. Also see domain.

DSP

See digital signal processor.

DTE

See data terminal equipment.

DTMF

See dual tone multifrequency.

dual in-line package (DIP) switch

A small switch, usually attached to a printed circuit card, in which there are only two settings: on or off (or 0 or 1). DIP switches are used to configure the card in a semipermanent way.

dual tone multifrequency (DTMF)

A way of signaling that consists of a pushbutton or touchtone dial that sends out a sound consisting of two discrete tones. These tones can be picked up and interpreted by telephone switches.

dynamic

Refers to actions that take place at the moment they are needed rather than in advance.

E

EGP

See Exterior Gateway Protocol.

ELA

Enhanced-List Application.

ELA filter

A feature that prevents members from receiving duplicate messages when they are referenced in both the Enterprise List and Enhanced List Application (ELA) lists.

electrostatic discharge (ESD)

Discharge of a static charge on a surface or body through a conductive path to ground. ESD can be damaging to integrated circuits.

electronic mail

The transfer of a wide variety of message types across a computer network (LAN or WAN). Email messages can be text messages containing only ASCII or can be complex multimedia messages containing embedded voice messages, software files, and images.

email

See electronic mail.

enabled/disabled

The state of a hardware device that indicates whether it is available for use by the Message Networking system. Devices must be equipped before they can be enabled (made active). See also equipped/unequipped.

end point

See fax end point

equipped/unequipped

The state of a networking channel that indicates whether Message Networking software has recognized it. Devices must be equipped before they can be enabled (made active). See also enabled/disabled.

error message

A message on the screen indicating that something is wrong and possibly providing suggestions to correct it.

errors

Problems detected by the system during operation and recorded in the Maintenance Log. Errors can produce an alarm if they exceed a threshold.

ESD

See electrostatic discharge.

event

Informational messages about the system's activities. For example, an event is logged when the system is rebooted. Events may or may not be related to errors and alarms.

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

A part of the TCP/IP protocol suite used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems.

F

facility out-of-service (FOOS)

State of operation during which the current channel is not receiving a dial tone and is not functioning.

facsimile

1. A digitized version of written, typed, or drawn material transmitted over telephone lines and printed out elsewhere. 2. Computer-generated text or graphics transmitted over computer networks. A computer-generated fax is typically printed to a fax machine but can remain stored electronically.

fax

See facsimile.

fax end point

Any device capable of receiving fax calls. Fax end points include fax machines, individual PC fax modems, fax ports on LAN fax servers, and ports on fax-enabled messaging systems.

field

An area on a screen, menu, or report where information can be typed or displayed.

FIFO

See first-in/first-out.

file

A collection of data treated as a basic unit of storage.

filename

Alphanumeric characters used to identify a particular file.

file system

A collection of related files (programs or data) stored on disk that are required to initialize a Message Networking system.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols that allows files to be transferred from one computer to another over the Internet.

firewall

A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. All messages entering or leaving the system pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria.

first-in/first-out (FIFO)

A method of processing telephone calls or data in which the first call (or data) to be received is the first call (or data) to be processed.

F key

See function key.

FOOS

See facility out-of-service.

foreign exchange (FX)

A central office (CO) other than the one providing local access to the public telephone network.

format

To set up a disk, floppy diskette, or tape with a predetermined arrangement of characters so that the system can read the information on it.

FTP

See File Transfer Protocol.

function

Individual step or procedure within a mailbox activity.

function key (F key)

A key on a computer keyboard programmed to perform a defined function when pressed.

FX

See foreign exchange.

G

gateway

The place where two or more networks connect

GSM

A standard method of encoding audio messages in a compressed format. The Message Networking system can directly process audio files of this type when they are received as WAV files as part of an SMTP/MIME message. In the Windows Sound Recorder this file type has an audio format of GSM 6.10 8.000 kHz, Mono.

H

hard disk drive

A high-capacity data storage and retrieval device that is located inside a computer. A hard disk drive stores data on nonremovable high-density magnetic media based on a predetermined format for retrieval by the system at a later date.

hardware

The physical components of a computer system, such as the central processing unit and CD-ROM.

header

Information that the system creates to identify a message. A message header includes the originator or recipient, type of message, creation time, and delivery time.

Help

A system run by clicking Help on a Message Networking system page. See also online Help system.

hertz (Hz)

A measurement of frequency in cycles per second. A hertz is 1 cycle per second.

host

A workstation that functions as an SNMP agent, which users can access from a remote location.

hub

A machine used to connect several machines together for passing messages between the machines. If the Message Networking system is set up in a hub and spoke configuration, the Message Networking system acts as a hub for all of the remote machines administered on the Message Networking system.

hunt group

A group of analog ports on a switch usually administered to search for available ports in a circular pattern.

Hz

See hertz.

I

I/O

Input/output.

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol.

icon

A graphical representation of an idea or a computer command. Icons are usually small and used in conjunction with software buttons to accomplish various tasks.

IMAP4

Internet Message Access Protocol version 4, a protocol for retrieving e-mail messages.

IMAPI

INTUITY messaging application programming interface.

INADS

See initialization and administration system.

initialization

The process of bringing a system to a predetermined operational state. The startup procedure tests hardware; loads the boot file system programs; locates, mounts, and opens other required file systems; and starts normal service.

initialization and administration system (INADS)

A computer-aided maintenance system used by remote technicians to track alarms.

initialize

To start up the system for the first time.

input

A signal fed into a circuit or channel.

integer

Any positive or negative whole number, including zero.

integrated services digital network (ISDN)

A network that provides end-to-end digital connectivity to support a wide range of voice and data services.

interface

The device or software that forms the boundary between two devices or parts of a system, allowing them to work together. See also user interface.

internal email

Software on a PC that provides messaging capability between users on the same AUDIX system, or to administered remote AUDIX systems and users. Users can create, send, and receive a message that contains multiple media types, specifically, voice, fax, text, or file attachments (software files, such as a word processing or spreadsheet file).

Internet Protocol (IP)

The part of the TCP/IP protocol suite that handles Internet address routines. The IP tracks Internet node addresses, routes outgoing messages, and recognizes incoming messages.

interrupt request (IRQ)

Within a PC, a signal sent from a device to the CPU to temporarily suspend normal processing and transfer control to an interrupt handling routine.

INTUITY Message Manager

A Windows-based software product that allows INTUITY AUDIX users to receive, store, and send their voice and fax messages from a PC. The software also enables users to create and send multimedia messages that include voice, fax, file attachments, and text.

I/O address

Input/output address.

IP

See Internet Protocol.

IP address

Internet Protocol address. The standard format for an IP address is four integers separated by periods (example: 137.3.54.8).

IRQ

See interrupt request.

ISDN

See integrated services digital network (ISDN).

ISP

Internet service provider.

J

jumpers

Pairs or sets of small prongs or pins on circuit cards and mother boards, the placement of which determines the particular operation the computer selects. When two pins are covered, an electrical circuit is completed. When the jumper is uncovered, the connection is not made. The computer interprets these electrical connections as configuration information.

K

Kbps

Kilobits per second; one thousand bits per second.

Kbyte

Kilobytes per second; 1024 thousand bytes per second.

L

label

The name assigned to a disk device (the CD-ROM drive) through software. Label can have a generic name (such as 1:3) to show the software release or a descriptive name if for backup copies (such as back01). Disk drive labels usually indicate the disk position (such as disk00 or disk02).

LAN

See local area network.

language ID

An identifier in Message Networking that specifies the language that a subscriber uses.

last-in/first-out (LIFO)

A method of processing telephone calls or data in which the last call (or data) received is the first call (or data) to be processed.

LCD

See liquid crystal display.

LDAP

See lightweight directory access protocol.

LED

See light emitting diode.

level of severity

The degree of seriousness of an alarm. Major alarms are the most severe, followed by minor alarms, and finally, by warning alarms.

LIFO

See last-in/first-out.

light emitting diode (LED)

A light on the server that shows the status of operations.

lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP)

A protocol used to create a global database made up of local databases, each of which holds part of the data.

link down

A component in the system has been disconnected.

link up

A component in the system has been reconnected after being disconnected.

liquid crystal display (LCD)

The 10-character alphanumeric display that shows the status of the system, including alarms.

list owner

A valid subscriber on the Message Networking system who has been designated as the owner of an Enterprise List and is the only subscriber who can record the voice name for that list.

load

The process of reading software from external storage (such as a disk) and placing a copy in the system memory.

local area network (LAN)

A network of PCs that communicate with each other and that normally share the resources of one or more servers.

local installation

A switch, adjunct, or peripheral installed physically near the host switch or system. See also collocated

login

A unique code a user must enter to gain approved access to the Message Networking system. See also password.

Lotus Notes

Information management software for work groups that allows individuals to share and manipulate information over a local (LAN) or wide area network.

M

Mu-law

A standard method of encoding audio messages in a compressed format. Message Networking can directly process audio files of this type when they are received as WAV files as part of an SMTP/MIME message. In the Windows Sound Recorder this file type has an audio format of CCITT u-Law 8.000 kHz, 8 Bit, Mono.

magnetic peripherals

Data storage devices that use magnetic media to store information. Such devices include hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, and cartridge tape drives.

maintenance

The process of identifying system errors and correcting them, or taking steps to prevent problems from occurring.

major alarm

An alarm detected by Message Networking software. An example would be that at least one fourth of the ports in service have some type of outage. Often a major alarm indicates that service is affected.

managed entity

A device in a network, such as a computer, bridge, or router, that is administered, monitored, or controlled by a computer in a different location.

Management Information Base (MIB)

A repository for information about a management network. A MIB can be thought of as a special kind of database for network management information.

MANOOS

See manually out-of-service.

manually out-of-service

State of operation during which a unit has been intentionally taken out of service.

mean time between failures (MTBF)

The average time a manufacturer estimates will elapse before a failure occurs in a component or system.

media type

The form a message takes. The media types supported by the Message Networking system are voice, text, file attachments, and fax.

megabyte

A unit of memory equal to 1,048,576 bytes (1024 x 1024). It is often rounded to 1 million.

member

A Message Networking system subscriber that has been added to an Enterprise List.

memory

A device that stores logic states such that data can be accessed and retrieved. Memory can be temporary (such as system RAM) or permanent (such as disk).

menu

A list of options displayed on a computer terminal screen or spoken by a voice processing system. Users choose the option that reflects what action they want the system to take.

message component

A media type included in a multimedia message. These types include voice, text, file attachments, and fax messages.

Message Manager

See INTUITY Message Manager.

Message Networking

A system used to simplify messaging network topology and administration by supporting store and forward message protocols.

MIB

See Management Information Base.

MIME

See Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.

minor alarm

An alarm detected by the Message Networking software. An example would be that fewer than one fourth of the Message Networking ports in service have some type of outage, but this has exceeded error thresholds or could impact service.

modem

A device that converts data from a form that is compatible with data processing equipment (digital) to a form compatible with transmission facilities (analog), and vice versa.

moderator

A member of an Enterprise List that has been designated to approve messages that are sent to that list before those messages are sent to the other list members.

modular processor data module (MPDM)

A data device that converts RS-232C or RS-449 protocol signals to digital communications protocol (DCP) used by System 75/85, Generic1, and Generic 3 switches. MPDMs can either connect the Avaya Interchange system to a switch DCIU or SCI link or connect terminals to a switch port card.

module uptime

The amount of time a server has been operating since it was last down (not operating).

MPDM

See modular processor data module.

MTA

Mail transfer agent, the software component that speaks SMTP (exchanges mail with other systems).

MTBF

See mean time between failures.

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

A standardized format for electronic mail that allows simple text messages as well as multimedia messages to be exchanged between two electronic mailboxes.

N

name match strings

A series of characters representing the partial or full name of a subscriber that can be used to search for a subscriber in Message Networking. The characters * and ? can also be used in the string.

NameNet

An Octel Analog Networking feature that allows local Octel subscribers to address messages to subscribers on remote Octel servers by dialing the name of the remote subscriber.

network address

Message Networking user identification, containing the user's extension and machine, that indicates where the system needs to deliver a message.

node

A processing machine in a remote location, also known as a remote machine. See also remote entity.

NPA

See numbering plan area.

Numbering plan area

Formal name for 3-digit telephone area codes in North America. Within an area code, no two telephone lines may have the same 7-digit phone number. The code is often designated as NXX, to indicate the three digits.

numeric address format

An alternate method for addressing messages to subscribers on other remote systems.

O

Octel Analog Networking protocol

A protocol that provides the delivery of voice and fax messages using analog networking between a Message Networking system and other systems that support the same Octel Analog Networking protocol, such as Aria, Serenade, and Octel 100 remote machines.

offhook

See switch hook

onhook

See switch hook

online Help system

A Message Networking system feature that provides information about the user interface. See also Help.

open systems interconnection (OSI)

An internationally accepted framework of standards for communication between systems made by different vendors.

operating system (OS)

The set of software programs that runs the hardware and interprets software commands.

option

A choice selected from a menu or an argument used in a command line to specify program output by modifying the execution of a command. When you do not specify any options, the command executes according to its default options.

OS

See operating system.

OSI

See open systems interconnection.

owner

See list owner.

P

packet

The basic unit of transfer used in local area networks (LANs). A packet consists of a block of information with addressing and control information in the header (the first few bytes of the packet), data as supplied by the protocol or the user, and some error-detection code at the end.

packet switching

A communication technique in which data is placed in packets and transmitted at variable intervals with other data.

parallel transmission

The transmission of several bits of data at the same time over different wires. Parallel transmission of data is usually faster than serial transmission.

password

1. A word or character string recognized automatically by the Message Networking system that allows a system administrator access to the system database. 2. An alphanumeric string assigned to local and remote networked machines to identify the machines or the network. See also login.

password aging

A Message Networking feature that allows administrators to set a length of time after which the administrator's system password expires. The administrator must then change the password.

PBX

See private branch exchange (PBX).

PCM

See pulse code modulation.

peripheral device

Equipment such as a terminal that is external to the Message Networking system but necessary for full operation and maintenance of the system. Also called a peripheral.

permissions

A security feature to control access to and use of Enterprise Lists, which includes three permission levels: All, Use, and Update. All gives subscribers all permissions; Use lets subscribers send messages but does not allow them to update lists; Update lets subscribers send messages and update lists.

personal identification number (PIN)

A multidigit number unique to an individual that is used to gain access to a computer or telephone system.

PIN

See personal identification number.

pinouts

The signal description per pin number for a particular connector.

polling interval

The amount of time between polls.

polls

Requests for information sent out to a managed entity at regular time intervals.

port

A connection or link between two devices that allows information to travel to a desired location. For example, a switch port connects to a Message Networking voice port to allow a caller to leave a message.

POST

See power on self-test (POST).

power on self-test (POST)

A set of diagnostics stored in ROM that tests components such as disk drives, keyboard, and memory each time the system is booted. If problems are identified, a message is sent to the screen.

PPP

Point-to-Point protocol. A method of accessing the Internet over a serial modem connection.

private branch exchange (PBX)

An analog, digital, or electronic telephone switching system in which data and voice transmissions are not confined to fixed communications paths, but are routed among available ports or channels. See also switch.

private MIB

An MIB defined by a vendor for its own proprietary use. See also Management Information Base (MIB).

programmed function key

See function key (F key).

protocol

A set of conventions or rules governing the format and timing of message exchanges (signals) to control data movement and the detection and possible correction of errors.

pulse code modulation

A sampling technique for digitizing analog signals, especially audio signals.

R

RAID

Redundant Array of Independent Disks

random access memory (RAM)

The memory used in most computers to store the results of ongoing work and to provide space to store the operating system and applications that are actually running at any given moment.

read-only memory (ROM)

A form of computer memory that allows values to be stored only once; after the data is initially recorded, the computer can only read the contents. ROM is used to supply constant code elements such as bootstrap loaders, network addresses, and other more or less unvarying programs or instructions.

reboot

See boot.

remote access

The process of sending and receiving data to and from a computer or controlling a computer with terminals or PCs connected through communications (that is, telephone) links.

remote entity

A device in a network, such as a computer, bridge, or router, that is installed in a location that is different than that of the management workstation.

remote installation

A system, site, or piece of peripheral equipment that is installed in a location that is different than that of the host switch or system.

remote machine

A processing device that is installed in a location that is different than that of the management workstation, also known as a node.

remote maintenance

The ability of Avaya personnel to interact with a remote computer through a telephone line or LAN connection to perform diagnostics and some system repairs. See also remote service center.

remote network

A network in which the systems are integrated with more than one switch.

remote service center

An Avaya or Avaya-certified organization that provides remote support to Message Networking customers. Depending upon the terms of the maintenance contract, your remote service center is notified of all major and minor alarms and has the ability to remotely log in to your system and remedy problems. See also remote maintenance.

remote terminal

A terminal connected to a computer over a telephone line.

REN

See ringer equivalence number.

Request For Comments (RFC)

A document that defines a standard for the Internet. Individual RFCs define specific aspects of Internet operation.

request to send (RTS)

One of the control signals on an EIA-232 connector that places the modem in the originate mode so that it can begin to send data.

resolution event

A notification that an alarm has been corrected or no longer exists.

restart

The reinitialization of certain software, for example, restarting the Message Networking.

restore

The process of recovering lost or damaged files by retrieving them from available backup CDs or another device.

RFC

See Request For Comments.

right-to-use (RTU) fee

A charge to the customer to access certain functions or capacities that are otherwise restricted, for example, additional voice or networking ports or hours of speech storage. Avaya personnel can update RTU parameters either at the customer's site or remotely via a modem.

ringer equivalence number (REN)

A number required in the United States for registering your telephone equipment with a service provider.

RMB

Remote Maintenance Board

ROM

See read-only memory.

router

A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP network. Routers are located at gateways. Routers use headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path for forwarding the packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best route between any two hosts.

RTS

See request to send.

RTU

See right-to-use (RTU) fee.

S

S/MIME

Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions.

SAT

See System Administrator Tool.

SBC

Sub-band Coding (Aria Digital).

SCSI

See small computer systems interface.

Serenade Digital

A complete messaging system accessed and operated by touchtone telephones and integrated with a switch.

Serenade Digital Sender Dial Plan

A dial plan that allows the Message Networking system to build back the complete address of the sender (including the prefix) before transmitting to a Serenade Digital machine.

serial transmission

The transmission of one bit at a time over a single wire.

server

A computer that processes and stores data that is used by other smaller computers. See also client

severity (of levels)

See level of severity.

shielded cables

Cables that are protected from interference with metallic braid or foil.

SIMM

See single in-line memory module.

single in-line memory module (SIMM)

A method of containing random access memory (RAM) chips on narrow strips that attach directly to sockets on the CPU circuit card. Multiple SIMMs are sometimes installed on a single CPU circuit card.

small computer systems interface (SCSI)

An interface standard defining the physical, logical, and electrical connections to computer system peripherals such as tape and disk drives.

SMDR

See Station Message Detail Recording.

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. A standardized method for two computers to communicate with each other to transfer electronic mail.

SNMP

Simple networking management protocol. SNMP allows various elements of a network to communicate with each other, regardless of their underlying network structure.

SP

Signal Processor.

station message detail recording

See Call Detail Recording (CDR).

standard MIB

A MIB definition developed and approved for general use as a standard. See also Management Information Base.

Station Message Detail Recording

A feature that helps users discover details about calls made into their voice mail ports. See also Call Detail Recording.

subdirectory

A directory that is created as part of and subordinate to another directory.

subscriber

A subscriber on a remote system administered on the Message Networking system.

subscription based

An optional characteristic of an Enterprise List that allows LDAP clients to request being added to that list.

surge

A sudden rise and fall of voltage in an electrical circuit.

surge protector

A device that plugs into the telephone system and the commercial AC power outlet to protect the telephone system from damaging high-voltage surges.

SW

See switch integration.

switch

An automatic telephone exchange that allows the transmission of calls to and from the public telephone network. See also private branch exchange (PBX)

switch hook

The device at the top of most telephones that is depressed when the handset is resting in the cradle (that is, when the telephone is on hook). This device is raised when the handset is picked up (that is, when the telephone is off hook).

switch-hook flash

A signaling technique in which the signal is originated by momentarily depressing the switch hook.

switch integration

Sharing of information between a voice/messaging system and a switch to provide a seamless interface to callers and system users.

switch network

Two or more interconnected switching systems.

synchronizer

The name given to the trusted server by the email vendor, Lotus Notes.

synchronous communication

A method of data transmission in which bits or characters are sent at regular time intervals, rather than being spaced by start and stop bits. See also asynchronous communication.

synchronous transmission

A type of data transmission in which the data characters and bits are exchanged at a fixed rate with the transmitter and receiver synchronized. This allows greater efficiency and supports more powerful protocols.

System Administrator Tool (SAT)

A program that tracks and records the usage of hardware and software features.

system configuration

See configuration.

T

TCP/IP

See transmission control protocol/internet protocol.

TDD

See telecommunications device for the deaf.

telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD)

A device with a keyboard and display unit that connects to or substitutes for a telephone. The TDD allows a deaf or hearing-impaired person to communicate over the telephone lines with other people who have TDDs.

terminal

See display terminal.

terminal type

A number indicating the type of terminal from which a user is logging in to the Message Networking system. Terminal type is the last required entry before gaining access to the Message Networking display screens.

terminating resistor

A grounding resistor placed at the end of a bus, line, or cable to prevent signals from being reflected or echoed.

time division multiplexing (TDM)

A method of serving multiple channels simultaneously over a common transmission path by assigning the transmission path sequentially to the channels, with each assignment being for a discrete time interval.

tip/ring

A term used to denote the analog telecommunications interface.

toll fraud

The unauthorized use of a company's telecommunications service. Toll fraud occurs when people misdirect their own telecommunications charges to another person or business.

tone generator

A device acoustically coupled to a rotary telephone used to produce touchtone sounds.

topology

The configuration of a network, either geographical or electrical. A designation of the arrangement of components within the network.

T/R

See tip/ring.

topology map

A graphical representation (diagram) of the topology of a network.

traffic

The flow of attempts, calls, and messages across a telecommunications network.

transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP)

A suite of protocols that allow disparate hosts to connect over a network. Transmission control protocol (TCP) organizes data on both ends of a connection and ensures that the data that arrives matches the data that was sent. Internet protocol (IP) ensures that a message passes through all the necessary routers to the proper destination.

transcoding

The process of converting a media file or object from one to another.

trap

A notification that communicates alarm information to the management workstation on the Message Networking system.

troubleshooting

The process of locating and correcting errors in computer programs or systems (also called debugging).

trusted server

A server that uses IMAPI to access an INTUITY AUDIX mailbox on behalf of a user and is empowered to do everything to a user message that INTUITY AUDIX can do.

TTS

Text-to-Speech

U

undeliverable message

A message that could not be delivered after a specified number of attempts, which usually means that the user's mailbox is full.

undelivered message

A message that has not yet been sent to a user's incoming mailbox. The message resides in the sender's outgoing mailbox and can be modified or redirected by the sender.

unequipped

See equipped/unequipped.

uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

An auxiliary power unit that provides continuous power in cases where commercial power is lost.

upgrade

An installation that moves a Message Networking system to a newer release.

UPS

See uninterruptible power supply.

user ID

On the Message Networking system, this is the equivalent of an email user ID and can be customized for non-SMTP subscribers. This has the effect of providing an email ID for voice messaging subscribers, and it can be used to receive electronic mail (if the Message Networking system is properly configured) from the Internet and other SMTP/MIME email sources. Also see domain.

user interface

The devices by which users on messaging systems access their mailboxes, manage mailing lists, administer personal greetings, and use other messaging capabilities.

user population

A combination of different types of users on which Message Networking configuration guidelines are based.

V

voice mail

See voice message.

voice message

Digitized information stored by messaging systems on disk memory. Also called voice mail.

voice name

The audio recorded name of the list owner of an Enterprise List.

voice port

The port that provides the interface between the Message Networking system and the analog ports on the switch.

Voice Profile for Internet Mail (VPIM)

A digital networking protocol that allows users to exchange messages with any messaging system that also has VPIM digital networking capabilities. Messages can be exchanged with users on Message Networking systems as well as with users on remote messaging systems made by vendors other than Avaya. Message Networking supports v2 of the VPIM standard.

volt

The unit of electromotive force required to produce a current of 1 ampere through a resistance of 1 ohm.

VP

Voice platform application identifier. See application identifier.

VPIM

See Voice Profile for Internet Mail.

VR

Voice response application identifier. See application identifier.

W

WAN

See wide area network.

warm start

Restarting or resetting a computer performed without shutting off power to the computer.

WAV files

A Microsoft format for audio files that can be used to hold a variety of audio compression formats.

watt

The unit of electrical power required to maintain a current of 1 amp under the pressure of 1 volt.

wide area network (WAN)

A data network typically extending a local area network (LAN) over telephone lines to link with LANs in other buildings and/or geographic locations.

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