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10/100. Fast Ethernet I.E.E.E. standard for 10 Mbps baseband and 100Mbps baseband over unshielded twisted-pair wire.
10Base-T. I.E.E.E standard for 10Mbs baseband over unshielded twisted-pair wire.
802.1p/802.1Q defines a layer 2 frame structure that supports VLAN identification and a QOS mechanism usually referred to as 802.1p, but the content of 802.1p is now incorporated in 802.1D.
Active Counter. In the context of Avaya G700 Media Gateway maintenance software, this describes the counter to be incremented to show status change for a maintenance object error.
AEC. Acoustic Echo Cancellation, a signal processing technique that significantly reduces the coupling of a received audio signal back into an active microphone.
Announcements. Recorded Messages played in telephony.
ANSI. American National Standards Institute.
Application Programming Interface (API). The programming interface between two software entities. For example, maintenance defines an API which is used as the interface between SNMP and maintenance.
ARP. Address Resolution Protocol, IETF STD 37: RFC 826.
ASAI (Adjunct/Switch Application Interface) is the protocol supported by the DEFINITY� ECS (Enterprise Communication Server) that extends telephony features to adjuncts (computers).
ASCII. American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). ATM is a dedicated-connection switching technology that organizes digital data into 53 byte cell units and transmits them over a physical medium using digital signal technology. Individually, a cell is processed asynchronous relative to other related cells and is queued before being multiplexing over the transmission path.
AvayaTM G700 Media Gateway. Media Gateway is also a term used in the H.248 protocol standard to identify the controlled entity in an H.248 relationship. While our G700 Media Gateway (the box) is an H.248 Media Gateway, the terms have different meanings. In Avaya G700 Media Gateway documentation, "Media Gateway" always refers to our box unless it's used specifically in the context of an H.248 discussion.
AvayaTM Media Module. In Avaya G700 Media Gateway, this refers to a removable, hot-pluggable circuit pack that can be inserted into one of four slots on the G700 Media Gateway box. They are approximately 6.25 x 11.00 inches in size, and interface to the buses on the G700 Media Gateway motherboard.
AvayaTM Media Module Slots. Four positions in the Avaya G700 Media Gateway for containing a variety of telephony interface circuits or an integrated Avaya S8300 Media Server. Support hot board swap. Each slot has access to one of the 8 L2 switch ports, the TDM bus and various control signals from the gateway server.
AvayaTM MultiService Network Manager. The network management platform developed for use with the Avaya product family.
AvayaTM MultiVantageTM. The call control application at the heart of Avaya's DEFINITY� and G700 Media Gateway products. Historically, this was called DEFINITY call processing.
AvayaTM Policy Manager. Software developed for the Avaya product line to implement policy management.
AvayaTM S8300 Media Server. The Pentium server running Linux built on an Avaya Media Module which runs the Avaya G700 Media Gateway applications for call control (Avaya MultiVantage), DHCP, TFTP, HTTP, etc. This is the server used to control Avaya G700 Media Gateway in its small configurations.
AvayaTM S8700 Media Server. The open Linux server, and associated software, running Avaya MultiVantage software (and possibly other applications) in R11 and controlling traditional DEFINITY port networks. Its server is called the S8700 Media Server. When controlling an Avaya G700 Media Gateway, it is sometimes called an External Media Server (EMS).
BHCC. Busy Hour Call Capacity.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). An Internet protocol defined by RFC 1163. BGP is a TCP/IP routing protocol for inter-domain routing in large networks.
Bridge. A device that supports LAN-to-LAN communications. Bridges may be equipped to provide frame relay support to the LAN devices they serve. A frame-relay-capable bridge encapsulates LAN frames in frame relay frames and feeds those frame relay frames to a frame relay switch for transmission across the network. A frame-relay-capable bridge also receives frame relay frames from the network, strips the frame relay frame off each LAN frame, and passes the LAN frame on to the end device. Bridges are generally used to connect local area network (LAN) segments to other LAN segments or to a wide area network (WAN). They route traffic on the Level 2 LAN protocol (e.g., the Media Access Control address), which occupies the lower sub layer of the LAN OSI data link layer. See also Router.
Cascade Module. A module inserted into the back of an Avaya P330 family member (including the Avaya G700 Media Gateway), which connects the member to the Octaplane.
CCMS. Control Channel Message Set. The Media Module Manager CCMS message set and the Avaya G700 Media Gateway Angel CCMS message set. The message set used by the G700 Media Gateway Angels for control and signaling of port circuits and other G700 Media Gateway hardware and firmware, and for control and signaling the Media Module Manager. From the communications protocol of the same name used between DEFINITY port boards and the DEFINITY call control server (SPE).
CLAN (TN799B). Controlled-LAN. Provides TCP/IP connectivity over ethernet or PPP to adjuncts. This circuit pack in a DEFINITY port network serves as a traditional DEFINITY's network interface. It terminates IP (TCP & UDP) and relays those sockets and connections up to the traditional DEFINITY server.
CLI. Command line interface. A simple terminal interface as might be provided via telnet or a serial port providing management functions. DEFINITY� SAT and UNIX's shell are examples.
Communications Controller (CC). The server running the Avaya MultiVantage application. When the CC is a AvayaTM Media Module, it's called the AvayaTM S8300 Media Server. In the external configuration, this is an R11 DEFINITY� system, i.e. an AvayaTM S8700 Media Server.
Composed. This is a term defined in the H.248 standard, and describes a specific configuration where an H.248 Avaya G700 Media Gateway runs co-resident with its server. Occasionally this term is encountered in Avaya S8300 Media Server documentation to describe the G700 Media Gateway system controlled by an S8300 Media Server, though that usage of the term "composed" is technically incorrect.
Compression. Audio coding process that reduces 64 Kbps audio streams to sub-16 Kbps rates, at the expense of delay and audio quality. Useful for transport over limited bandwidth dial-up PPP connections. Usually referred to as "CODEC" compression/ decompression. Common standard CODECs are G.723a and G.729.
CSU/DSU. A Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit is a hardware device that in one form is about the size of an external modem. The unit converts digital data frames from the communications technology used on a local area network (LAN) into frames appropriate to a wide-area network (WAN) and vice versa. For example, if you have a Web business from your own home and have leased a digital line (perhaps a T-carrier system or fractional T-1 line) to a phone company or a gateway at an Internet service provider, you have a CSU/DSU at your end and the phone company or gateway host has a CSU/DSU at its end. The Channel Service Unit (CSU) receives and transmits signals from and to the WAN line and provides a barrier for electrical interference from either side of the unit. The CSU can also echo loopback signals from the phone company for testing purposes. The Data Service Unit (DSU) manages line control, and converts input and output between RS-232C, RS-449, or V.xx frames from the LAN and the time-division multiplexed (Time-Division Multiplexing) DSX frames on the T-1 line. The DSU manages timing errors and signal regeneration. The DSU provides a modem-like interface between the computer as Data Terminal Equipment (Data Terminal Equipment) and the CSU. CSU/DSUs are made as separate products or are sometimes part of a T-1 WAN card. A CSU/DSU's Data Terminal Equipment interface is usually compatible with the V.xx and RS-232C or similar serial interface. Manufacturers of separate unit or integrated CSU/DSUs include Adtran, Cisco, and Memotec. The CSU originated at AT&T as an interface to their nonswitched digital data system. The DSU provides an interface to the data terminal equipment (DTE) using a standard (EIA/CCITT) interface. It also provides testing capabilities.
CTI. Computer Telephony Integration.
Data Service Unit (DSU). A device designed to connect data terminal equipment to a digital phone line to allow fully digital communications. See above.
DCP. Digital Communications Protocol, a proprietary digital telephone interface used on DEFINITY�.
DEFINITY�. DEFINITY� describes both Avaya's flagship PBX product (hardware and software) and sometimes also the software application at the heart of the S8300 Media Server call control. That software application is now called Avaya MultiVantageTM, though the use of the term DEFINITY is present in many historical documents. In the context of the S8300 Media Server, it almost always describes the software application, including call control software as well as maintenance and administration functions that are included with it.
Decomposed. Opposite of composed (see above).
Device. This term specifically describes an entity in an Avaya managed network which is accessed from the Avaya MultiService product suite, and managed by a Java-based software entity called a Device Manager.
DHCP. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, an IETF protocol, RFCs 951, 1534, 1542, 2131 & 2132.
DiffServ: Differentiated Services (DiffServ, or DS) is a protocol for specifying and controlling network traffic by class so that certain types of traffic get precedence - for example, voice traffic, which requires a relatively uninterrupted flow of data, might get precedence over other kinds of traffic. Differentiated Services is the most advanced method for managing traffic in terms of what is called Class of Service (CoS). Unlike the earlier mechanisms of 802.1p tagging and Type of Service (ToS), Differentiated Services avoids simple priority tagging and depends on more complex policy or rule statements to determine how to forward a given network packet. An analogy is made to travel services, in which a person can choose among different modes of travel - train, bus, airplane - degree of comfort, the number of stops on the route, standby status, the time of day or period of year for the trip, and so forth. For a given set of packet travel rules, a packet is given one of 64 possible forwarding behaviors - known as per hop behaviors (PHBs). A six-bit field, known as the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP), in the Internet Protocol (Internet Protocol) header specifies the per hop behavior for a given flow of packets.
Digital Signal 1 (DS1). Primary multiplex level in North America TDM hierarchy.
DIMM. Dual In-Line Memory Modules. These are industry standard 168-pin memory modules for PC DRAM. Two DIMMs are used on TN2320.
DLCI. Data Link Connection Identifier. An identifier assigned to each data link in the LAPD protocol. It is used for routing data to its destination.
DLG. DEFINITY� LAN Gateway. This application provides the functionality of ASAI using a TCP/IP ethernet transport instead of the traditional BRI transport.
DNS. Domain Name System, a hierarchical network naming scheme. DNS servers provide a mapping of domain names to IP addresses.
DRAM. Dynamic Random Access Memory. Read/write memory which must be refreshed to maintain its contents. Used for both the MPC860 and x86 Host server on TN2320.
DS0. Digital Service, level 0, 64 kilobits per second, the worldwide standard speed for PCM digitized voice channels.
DS1: Digital signal X is a term for the series of standard digital transmission rates or levels based on DS0, a transmission rate of 64 Kbps, the bandwidth normally used for one telephone voice channel. Both the North American T-carrier system and the European E-carrier systems of transmission operate using the DS series as a base multiple. The digital signal is what is carried inside the carrier system. DS0 is the base for the digital signal X series. DS1, used as the signal in the T-1 carrier, is 24. DS0 (64 Kbps) signals transmitted using pulse-code modulation (pulse code modulation) and time-division multiplexing (Time-Division Multiplexing). DS-2 is four DS1 signals multiplexed together to produce a rate of 6.312 Mbps. DS-3, the signal in the T-3 carrier, carries a multiple of 28 DS1 signals or 672 DS0s or 44.736 Mbps. Digital signal X is based on the American National Standards Institute T1.107 guidelines. The ITU-TS guidelines differ somewhat. The following table summarizes the set of signals and relates them to the T-carrier and E-carrier systems.
DS3: DS-3, the signal in the T-3 carrier, carries a multiple of 28 DS1 signals or 672 DS0s or 44.736 Mbps.
DSP (Digital Signal Processor). Programmable device used to implement any of several signal analysis and/or conversion operations such as coding/decoding, tone detection, and echo cancellation.
DSS. Direct Station Selector, a telephone adjunct that provides additional buttons and indicators to give an attendant direct access to additional line appearances. In the S8300 Media Server, it usually identifies specifically a fifty-button adjunct that enhances the call-handling capabilities of a 4624 telephone used as an operator console.
DTMF. Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency, the "touch-tones" used for in-band telephone signaling.
Duplication. The use of redundant components to improve availability. When a duplicated subsystem fails, its backup (redundant) subsystem automatically takes over.
E1. E1 (or E-1) is a European digital transmission format devised by the ITU-TS and given the name by the Conference of European Postal and Telecommunication Administration (CEPT). It's the equivalent of the North American T-carrier system format. E2 through E5 are carriers in increasing multiples of the E1 format. The E1 signal format carries data at a rate of 2.048 million bits per second and can carry 32 channels of 64 Kbps each. E1 carries at a somewhat higher data rate than T-1 (which carries 1.544 million bits per second) because, unlike T-1, it does not do bit-robbing and all eight bits per channel are used to code the signal. E1 and T-1 can be interconnected for international use.
E2. E-2 is a line that carries four multiplexed E1 signals with a data rate of 8.448 million bits per second.
E3. E3 (or E-3) carries 16 E1 signals with a data rate of 34.368 million bits per second.
E/IDE. Enhanced/Integrated Drive Electronics. Standard interface specification for hard disk drives associated with PC computer equipment. This standard interface is sometimes also called ATA-2 and/or Fast ATA. ATA is also used to denote the IDE (not enhanced) interface.
EMI. Electromagnetic Interference; Class A is typically required for business, Class B for residence.
Ephemeral Termination. In H.248 signaling, an "ephermeral" termination is used for an IP connection. For example, a connection between an analog phone on an Avaya g700 Media Gateway and an IP telephone would be described by an H.248 context with two terminations: a physical termination for the analog phone (which corresponds to a physical port within the G700 Media Gateway) and an ephemeral termination for the IP telephone. The ephemeral termination includes additional information describing the IP side of the call, i.e. the codec chosen, the near end and far end IP addresses and ports, silence suppression information, frame rate (samples per IP packet), etc.
EPN. Expansion Port Network is an optional configuration of cabinets that provides increased switch capacity. It is controlled by a switch processing element that is connected to the time-division multiplexed (TDM) bus and the LAN bus of the server port network. Control is achieved by indirect connection of the EPN to the PPN via a port network link (PNL).
Ethernet L2 Switch. In the Avaya G700 Media Gateway and in the Avaya stackable switch/router family, this consists of one or more 8 port, wire-speed ASIC devices called Timpani.
Ethernet Switch. A device that provides for port multiplication by having more than one network segment.
Expansion Interface. A special slot available in the Avaya G700 Media Gateway and in the Avaya stackable line that hosts a 16 port 10/100 interface, ATM or a variety of gigabit ethernet interfaces. Note: DEFINITY� supports a circuit pack with the same name, used for connectivity between a port network and a center stage switch. These two Expansion Interfaces are completely unrelated.
External Media Server (EMS). An external server running the Avaya MultiVantage application, i.e. Avaya S8700 Media Server, controlling Avaya G700 Media Gateways.
FTP. File Transfer Protocol - an Internet Protocol Standard for copying files from one computer to another.
GateKeeper (GK). GateKeeper is a term specifically defined by the H.323 standard which describes the entity performing most of the authorization, routing, and feature functionality in an H.323 system. S8300 Media Server's Communication Controller (CC), being Avaya MultiVantage based, serves as H.323 GK for IP telephones, softphones, and trunks. The term is similar in meaning, but not quite the same as, H.248's term MGC. Our CC is both an MGC and a GK. See the standards documents for more details.
Gateway. In networking, a combination of hardware and software that links two different types of networks. The Avaya G700 Media Gateway is an entity on the network that links the circuit switched network (analog, DCP phones, E1/T1 trunks, etc) to the packet based network (LAN). The Avaya G700 Media Gateway provides service circuits (tones, audio mixers) and conversion resources for traversing legacy telephony and IP network domains with voice-oriented bearer and signaling information.
GQPB. Guaranteed Quality of service Packet Bus - Provides for very small packets at extremely consistent intervals with minimum delay--Highly optimized for voice traffic - Strikingly similar to a TDM Bus.
H.248. The ITU standard for communication between a gateway server and an Avaya G700 Media Gateway.
H.323. ITU standard for switched multimedia communication between a LAN-based multimedia endpoint and a gatekeeper.
HTML. Hypertext Markup Language, the syntax used to format pages for the World Wide Web.
HTTP. Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the protocol used to request and transmit pages on the World Wide Web.
HTTPS. Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
IDE. Generic PC standard for interconnection of media devices to the PC motherboard.
IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, an organization that, among other things, produces standards applicable to LAN equipment.
Initialization and Administration System (INADS). A software tool used by Avaya Services personnel located at the Technical Service Center (TSC) to initialize, administer, and troubleshoot customer communications systems remotely.
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). A message oriented signaling scheme used for call setup as well as provision for passing supplementary services across network links.
IntServ: A method for an end system to actively signal packet-handling requests into the service provider network.
IP (Internet protocol). The Internet standard protocol that defines the Internet datagram as the unit of information passed across the Internet and provides the basis for the Internet connectionless, best-effort (unreliable) packet delivery service. IP provides the functions of routing and switching the datagram based on the network address contained within the IP header. IP includes ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part.
IPSec: IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is a developing standard for security at the network or packet processing layer of network communication. Earlier security approaches have inserted security at the application layer of the communications model. IPSec will be especially useful for implementing virtual private network and for remote user access through dial-up connection to private networks. A big advantage of IPSec is that security arrangements can be handled without requiring changes to individual user computers. IPSec provides Authentication Header (AH), which essentially allows authentication of the sender of data. The specific information associated with each of these services is inserted into the packet in a header that follows the IP packet header. Separate key protocols can be selected, such as the ISAKMP/Oakley protocol.
IPSI. IP Server Interface (DEFINITY� TN 2312 Circuit Pack) that provides for Clock generation and synchronization, tone generation and detection, and Port Network AA functionality.
IrDA. Infrared Data Association, an industry association that has produced a set of standard infrared interface specifications.
IT: IT (information technology) is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms (business data, voice conversations, still images, motion pictures, multimedia presentations, and other forms, including those not yet conceived). It's a convenient term for including both telephony and computer technology in the same word. It is the technology that is driving what has often been called "the information revolution."
L2TP: Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol; IETF standard for Layer 2 tunneling for remote access. (Note: Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), another RAS tunneling protocol--but not an IETF standard--was an earlier protocol, focused on Microsoft)
Layer 2 Switch. An IP component, which takes packets and streams and statically reroutes them to another port on the layer two switch based on the destination MAC address.
Layer 3 Switch. An IP component, which takes packets and streams and dynamically reroutes them to another port on the layer three switch based on the IP address of the packet or stream. IP Routering is a layer-3 functionality.
Line Gateway. An Avaya G700 Media Gateway without any IP phones.
Local Survivable Processor (LSP). A configuration of the S8300 Media Server used to provide redundancy of the Avaya MultiVantage application. In the LSP configuration, the server acts as an alternate server/gatekeeper for IP entities such as IP telephones and Avaya G700 Media Gateways. These IP entities will use the LSP when they lose connectivity to their primary server.
MAC. Media Access Control. A general reference to the low-level hardware protocols used to access a particular network. The term MAC address is often used as a synonym for physical address.
MGCP. Media Gateway Control Protocol, a protocol designed for use by Gatekeepers to control Gateways. It was written primarily by Cisco, Nortel and Bellcore (now Telcordia Technologies). In the IETF, it was superseded by the Megaco protocol, which was unified with the ITU's H.248 (formerly H.gcp).
NAT: Network address translation. Some firewall devices will perform a NAT function, so that many IP addresses within an Intranet can be used internally without colliding with public IP addresses on the Internet. Only when IP entities require service outside the firewall will a public IP address be allocated by the NAT device. The IP address is translated private to/from public IP by the NAT device.
OC-3: The Synchronous Optical Network (Synchronous Optical Network) includes a set of signal rate multiples for transmitting digital signals on optical fiber. The base rate (OC-1) is 51.84 Mbps. OC-2 runs at twice the base rate, OC-3 at three times the base rate, and so forth. Planned rates include OC-1, OC-3 (155.52 Mbps), OC-12 (622.08 Mbps), and OC-48 (2.488 Gbps). asynchronous transfer mode makes use of some of the Optical Carrier levels.
Octaplane. This is the marketing name for the capability (and related Hardware) to bundle stackable components using a proprietary 8 GB bus into a larger logical switch which is presented as a single network element to system management. Wired in a ring configuration, providing redundancy and re-routing should one of the boxes need to be replaced or added in a hot system.
PCI. Peripheral Component Interconnect. A local bus technology that allows SCSI host adapters, video cards, and other peripherals to send data directly to and receive data directly from the CPU.
PPN. Processor Port Network is a DEFINITY� configuration of cabinets that houses the control complex (SPE) of the system and port interfaces.
Primary Rate Interface (PRI). Defined as having a bandwidth of 1.544 Mbps which is divided into twentyfour 64 Kbps channels plus an 8 Kbps framing channel.
Prowler. Internal name for the TN2302AP IP Media Processor DEFINITY� circuit pack that replaced the TN802B IP Interface as of DEFINITY� R8.3. It's also the starting point for the design of our Avaya G700 Media Gateway VoIP engine
PSA (Personal Station Access). DEFINITY� feature. Personal Station Access makes it possible for selected users to change the current station (with its features and capabilities), associated with a particular compatible switch port, to another compatible station with different features and capabilities.
PSTN. Public Switched Telephone Network.
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM). A process in which a signal is sampled, and the magnitude of each sample with respect to a fixed reference is quantized and converted by coding to a digital signal.
QoS: On the Internet and in other networks, Quality of Service (QoS) is the idea that transmission rates, error rates, and other characteristics can be measured, improved, and, to some extent, guaranteed in advance. QoS is of particular concern for the continuous transmission of high-bandwidth video and multimedia information. Transmitting this kind of content dependably is difficult in public networks using ordinary "best effort" protocols.
RADIUS: RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a client/server protocol and software that enables remote access servers to communicate with a central server to authenticate dial-in users and authorize their access to the requested system or service. RADIUS allows a company to maintain user profiles in a central database that all remote servers can share. It provides better security, allowing a company to set up a policy that can be applied at a single administered network point. Having a central service also means that it's easier to track usage for billing and for keeping network statistics. Created by Livingston (now owned by Lucent), RADIUS is a de facto industry standard used by Ascend and other network product companies and is a proposed IETF standard.
RJ45. Registered Jack 45 is a single-line jack for digital transmission over 4-pair ordinary phone wire.
RMON (Remote Monitoring). is a standard monitoring specification for shared Ethernet and Tokenring media defined in RFC 1757. RMON enables various network monitors and console systems to exchange network-monitoring data. The RMON specification defines a set of statistics and functions that can be exchanged between RMON-compliant console managers and network probes. As such, RMON provides network administrators with comprehensive network-fault diagnosis, planning, and performance-tuning information. RMON has two levels:
Router. A device that supports LAN-to-LAN communications. Routers may be equipped to provide frame relay support to the LAN devices they serve. A frame-relay-capable router encapsulates LAN frames in frame relay frames and feeds those frame relay frames to a frame relay switch for transmission across the network. A frame-relay-capable router also receives frame relay frames from the network, strips the frame relay frame off each frame to product the original LAN frame, and passes the LAN frame on to the end device. Routers connect multiple LAN segments to each other or to a WAN. Routers route traffic on the Level 3 LAN protocol (e.g., the Internet Protocol address). See also .
RTCP. Real Time Control Protocol, contained in IETF RFC 1889.
RTOS. Real Time Operating System.
RTP. Real Time Protocol, IETF RFC 1889
RYON. Roll Your Own NT. The TN795 circuit pack used by DEFINITY ONE.
SAT. System Access Terminal. The craftsperson interface into the system for administrative and maintenance functions.
SLA: A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a contract between a network service provider and a customer that specifies, usually in measurable terms, what services the network service provider will furnish. Many Internet service providers (Internet service provider) provide their customers with an SLA. More recently, IS departments in major enterprises have adopted the idea of writing a Service Level Agreement so that services for their customers (users in other departments within the enterprise) can be measured, justified, and perhaps compared with those of outsourcing network providers. Some metrics that SLAs may specify include:
SMON (Switched Monitoring). Technology which is an extension of RMON Standard. SMON adds to the RMON capabilities in following ways.
"Device SMON" is an extension of RMON-I that provides additional tools and features for monitoring in a "local" switch environment.
"AnyLayer SMON" extends RMON-II that provides a "global" view of traffic flow in a network with multiple switches.
SMON collects and displays data in Real time. SMON is capable of providing:
SMT. System Management Terminal. An administration device for System 85 which is similar to the MAAP. The SMT provides limited administration capability to the customer.
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP, IETF STD 15 (RFC 1157) and RFCs 1441, 1905 and 1906) is the industry standard protocol governing network management and the monitoring of network devices and their functions. It is not necessarily limited to TCP/IP networks.
SPE. Switch Processing Element. A collective term which embraces all "control" circuit packs in the server of a traditional DEFINITY� switch.
Survivable CC. Another name for a Local Survivable Processor.
System Access Terminal (SAT). is the primary interface into the DEFINITY� system for administrative and maintenance functions. It is also a primary interface into the Avaya S8300 Media Server system.
T1: The T1 (or T-1) carrier is the most commonly used digital line in the United States, Canada, and Japan. In these countries, it carries 24 pulse code modulation (pulse code modulation) signals using Time-Division Multiplexing at an overall rate of 1.544 megabit per second.
TCP. Transmission Control Protocol, a connection-oriented transport-layer protocol, IETF STD 7: RFC 793. Whereas the IP protocol deals only with packets, TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent.
TDM (Time division multiplexing). A switching technique of splitting a large bandwidth into many small channels in the time domain, called timeslots.
TFTP. Trivial File Transfer Protocol - an Internet Protocol Standard. See IETF STD 33: RFCs 1350, 2347, 2348, 2349.
TOS. Type Of Service, one of the fields in an IP packet header, also used by DiffServ.
Tunneling: Relative to the Internet, tunneling is using the Internet as part of a private secure network. The "tunnel" is the particular path that a given company message or file might travel through the Internet.
UDP. User Datagram Protocol, a connectionless transport-layer protocol, IETF STD 6: RFC 768.
URL. Uniform Resource Locator. Specifies the location of Web pages, files, and scripts for a variety of administrative purposes.
USB. Universal Serial Bus, a higher-speed (than EIA-232D) serial interface designed primarily for adding peripherals to personal computers. e.g., printers, modems, keyboard, and mouse
V.35: The trunk interface between a network access device and a packet network at data rates greater than 19.2 Kbps. V.35 may use the bandwidths of several telephone circuits as a group.
VLAN. Virtual LAN, a term used for networks whose traffic can be segregated independent of physical LAN connectivity. 802.1Q framing can support VLAN operation.
VoIP Monitoring Manager. VoIP Monitoring Manager adds to the RMON/SMON capabilities for VoIP call level monitoring. VoIP Monitoring Manager is capable of displaying both Real time data as well as historical data.
VoIP: (voice over IP - that is, voice delivered using the Internet Protocol) is a term used in IP telephony for a set of facilities for managing the delivery of voice information using the Internet Protocol (IP). In general, this means sending voice information in digital form in discrete packet rather than in the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (public switched telephone network). A major advantage of VoIP and Internet telephony is that it avoids the tolls charged by ordinary telephone service.
VPN: A virtual private network (VPN) is a private data network that makes use of the public telecommunication infrastructure, maintaining privacy through the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures. A virtual private network can be contrasted with a system of owned or leased lines that can only be used by one company. The idea of the VPN is to give the company the same capabilities at much lower cost by using the shared public infrastructure rather than a private one. Phone companies have provided secure shared resources for voice messages. A virtual private network makes it possible to have the same secure sharing of public resources for data. Companies today are looking at using a private virtual network for both extranet and wide-area intranet. Using a virtual private network involves encrypting data before sending it through the public network and decrypting it at the receiving end. An additional level of security involves encrypting not only the data but also the originating and receiving network addresses. Microsoft, 3Com, and several other companies have developed the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), and Microsoft has extended Windows NT to support it. VPN software is typically installed as part of a company's firewall server.
WSP (WAN Spare Processor). A redundancy configuration supported by DEFINITY�, which provides service to elements in a DEFINITY� network across an ATM infrastructure. WSPs may be placed in various places in the customer's network to provide reliable service in cases where the ATM network fails.
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